SIMATIC S7-400, S7-300, S7-1200 and S7-200 hardware families; module and CPU architecture; the TIA Portal engineering framework; STEP 7 and WinCC licensing; Portal View vs. Project View; project tree structure and project migration.

Set/Reset instructions, internal memory (M-bits), tags and symbols, compare instructions, one-shot (edge-triggered) and toggle logic, IEC timers and counters, and memory mapping across Siemens, Fatek and Omron PLCs.

Traffic light control, automatic door control, blending plant control and automatic packing control — each delivered with wiring diagrams, tag tables, a problem statement and a step-by-step solution.

Analog input/output module wiring and hardware configuration, channel addressing, scaling instructions for sensor calibration, and a complete room-temperature-controller project.

Three-phase motor fundamentals, Star-Delta wiring, variable frequency drive (VFD) wiring and a motor speed-control project; PROFIBUS-DP distributed I/O configuration using the ET200M system.

Organization blocks (cyclic, time-of-day, hardware interrupt and startup), function blocks and data blocks, high-speed counters for motor RPM measurement, Modbus/PROFIBUS/PROFINET multi-drop networking, Structured Control Language (SCL), servo control, and an introduction to SIMATIC PCS 7 process automation.

What SCADA is and its primary purpose; industrial applications and licensing; leading SCADA platforms; core features including dynamic process graphics, real-time and historical trending, alarms, security, device connectivity, scripting and database connectivity.

Graphic design and tag management; protocol and device connectivity (Siemens PPI/MPI/Profibus, OPC server, Modbus TCP/RTU, Omron Sysmac Way); runtime settings for screen display and object monitoring.

Push buttons & LED indicators; toggle logic; input/output fields; graphics & symbol libraries; bar, slider and gauge controls; screen templates and navigation; layout, layers & grouping; rotation and pipe-flow animation scripting; menus and toolbars; SCADA versions of the traffic-light, room-temperature and automatic-door projects; user administration for secure operations; HMI panel configuration and screen management (pop-up, slide-in and global screens); device, network & topology views; alarms and events; and third-party device connectivity through an OPC server.